(1) Profits from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in the Contracting State in which the place of effective management of the enterprise is situated.

(2) If the place of effective management of a shipping enterprise is aboard a ship, then it shall be deemed to be situated in the Contracting State in which the home harbour of the ship is situated, or, if there is no such home harbour, in the Contracting State of which the operator of the ship is a resident.

(3) For the purposes of this Article and notwithstanding the provisions of Article 12, profits from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic include:

• (a) profits from the rental on a bare boat basis of ships or aircraft and
• (b) profits from the use, maintenance or rental of containers (including trailers and related equipment for the transport of containers) used for the transport of goods,

where such rental or such use, maintenance or rental, as the case may be, is incidental to the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic.

(4) The provisions of paragraph (1) shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency.