On 8 September 2021, the Ukraine parliament approved the ratification of the pending protocol to the 2003 income and capital tax treaty with the United Arab Emirates. The protocol, signed 14 February 2021, is the first to amend the treaty and includes changes to bring the treaty in line with OECD BEPS standards, as well as amendments to the withholding tax provisions for dividends, interest, and royalties, and other changes. The protocol will enter into force once the ratification instruments are exchanged and will apply from 1 January of the year following its entry into force.